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Fusion of Chromite Ore Using Sodium Phosphate Salt as Flux and
2021.4.1 In hydrometallurgy, fusion techniques are considered key in the processing of chromite ore. Salts containing easily ionized elements are often used as flux, which
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(PDF) Fluxing of South African chromite ore with colemanite
2018.6.1 It consists of both SiO2 and CaO, and can be used in small quantities to flux chromite ore. Laboratory tests done in Mintek indicated that it is feasible to reduce
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Fusion of Chromite Ore Using Sodium Phosphate Salt as Flux and
In hydrometallurgy, fusion techniques are considered key in the processing of chromite ore. Salts containing easily ionized elements are often used as flux, which results in
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Processing of Low-Grade Chromite Ore for Ferroalloy Production:
2020.7.14 Around 100 kg of representative sample of low-grade chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Dhenkanal district, Odisha, India, was collected for characterization,
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Effects of flux additions on the kinetics of chromite ore reduction ...
This paper provides a review of the chemical reactions occurring in the submerged arc processing of chromite ores. The excavations of industrial furnaces have shown that
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Studies on flocculation characteristics of chromite’s ore process ...
2018.1.20 Detailed mineral and chemical characterization of the chromite ore tailings material showed that magnesioferrite, chromite, goethite, quartz, and gibbsite are the
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Technology Innovations in the Smelting of Chromite Ore
The process is designed to reduce electrical energy consumption during smelting by partly reducing pelletized chromite ores in a rotary kiln using energy obtained from coal
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Kinetics of solid state silica fluxed reduction of chromite with coal ...
2000.6.1 Abstract Solid state reduction of an Australian chromite with black coal and silica addition was studied thermogravimetrically in the temperature range 1000–1400°C under an argon atmosphere. Reduction was found to occur in two stages. In the first stage, reduction is initiated by the nucleation of metallic iron, and the rate is likely to be
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Improving properties of fluxed iron ore pellets with high-silica by ...
2021.9.20 2.1 Materials. The iron concentrate used in this study was obtained from Australia. Magnesia was chemically pure reagent. The main chemical compositions of iron concentrate and three kinds of additives are listed in Table 1.As seen from Table 1, the iron concentrate had a high total iron grade (TFe) of 67.25 wt.% and 5.60 wt.% SiO 2.The
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Smelting of high-carbon ferrochrome from chromium agglomerate produced ...
2017.4.28 In a test melts, high-carbon ferrochrome is produced from chrome sinter and chrome-ore fines in an arc electrofurnace. Two types of sinter with the best performance—the best sintering rate, strength, and product yield—are studied. It is demonstrated by experimental melts that high-carbon ferrochrome can be produced from
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KPMG commodity insights bulletin chromite
bulletin – chromite Specifically, this bulletin provides an outlook on chromite, including recent macroeconomic and geopolitical developments. A jurisdictional overview of chromite is presented for the most relevant geographies. The market forecast of stainless steel, the principal end product for chromite, is also discussed.
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Chromium (VI) Retrieval from Chromium Ore Processing Residues
2017.9.11 “Chromite ore processing residue” (COPR) is a typical waste from the chromium metal industry. Chromium production started in the first part of the nineteenth century and has been increasing ever since, particularly for use in the production of stainless steel and a wide range of other materials (Blazy and Hermant 2014).The production of
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Kinetic Studies on the Reduction of Iron Oxides in Low-Grade Chromite
2018.6.4 In a novel method of beneficiation of low-grade chromite ore, nuggets, 25 mm in diameter and 10 mm long, made of chromite ore and coke fines, are subjected to partial reduction. A significant degree of reduction of iron oxide is observed at temperatures of 1373–1523 K up to a reduction time of 240 min, and subsequent magnetic separation
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(PDF) A Review of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR): Past ...
2014.11.17 Review of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR) Current Environmental Engineering, 2014, Vol. 1, No. 2 83 From 1931 - 1972, the Diamond Shamrock Company in Painesville Ohio produced COPR as a ...
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Chromite - ScienceDirect
2016.1.1 According to data from the International Chromium Development Association (ICDA), global chromite ore and concentrate production totaled 29.4 metric tons in 2014 (Richard, 2015).Data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) estimated world production in 2014 at 29 metric tons, with South Africa at 15 metric tons, followed by
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Dissolution made easy using peroxide fusions for ICP-OES
2019.9.3 Introduction. Although there are more than ten known chromium minerals, only one is a source of commercial importance. This mineral is known as chromite and has the theoretical composition FeCr 2 O 4 containing 68 % of chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3), in which the proportions of Mg 2+, Fe 2+ and Cr 3+, Al 3+, Fe 3+ may vary considerably [1].. The
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Kinetics of chromite ore reduction with carbon Semantic Scholar
Kinetics of chromite ore reduction with carbon. N. S. Sundarmurti, V. Seshadri. Published 1985. Materials Science. Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals. Etude effectuee a la balance thermogravimetrique sous un courant d'argon. On envisage quatre mecanismes possibles controles par la diffusion de CO.
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Microwave Thermal Prereduction with Carbon and Leaching of Chromite Ore
Reduced chromite was leached with 8% of H 2 SO 4 and FeCl 3 aqueous solution. The results show that: the recovery rate of chromium can reach 88.06%, the mass ratio of chromium to iron is 3.5:1 for leaching 30 minutes with 8% of H 2 SO 4; the recovery rate of chromium can reach 88.91%, the mass ratio of chromium and iron is 2.56:1 for leaching ...
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Melting Ferrochrome Using Chrome-Ore Briquettes Metallurgist
2023.11.15 Results are provided for experimental-industrial tests of high-carbon ferrochrome smelting with partial replacement of the basic chromium ore with chromium ore briquettes produced by OJSC Donskoi Ore Mining and Processing Plant in an amount of 20–40% of the chromium ore raw material supplied to TNC Kazchrome JSC Aksu
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Chromite mining pollution, environmental impact, toxicity and ...
2020.9.24 Chromite mining activities are indispensable for production of goods and services. Sukinda is a major mining site of Odisha, India, polluted by chromium, which is highly toxic in its hexavalent form. The Sukinda valley is a rich source of chromites, amounting to almost 95% of Cr available in India, and is the fourth most polluted site
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Fluxing of South African chromite ore with colemanite
(PGMs). The ‘discard’ streams from UG2 ore processing have become a valuable raw material for ferrochromium producers, as predicted some 14 years ago (Cramer, Basson, Nelson, 2004). The composition of chromite varies substantially, and a comprehensive overview of each ore or concentrate is beyond the scope of this paper.
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PGM Ore Processing at Impala's UG-2 Concentrator - SGS
extraction and processing until relatively recently. UG-2 MineralOGY hOst MineralOGY UG-2 ore contains two dominant suites of mineralisation: chromite and aluminium silicate-based mineralisation. The feed to Impala’s UG-2 plant contains 22 - 24% Cr 2 O 3, or roughly 50% chromite. The aluminium silicate mineralisation includes primary
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Comparative Study of Behavior of Lumpy, Small Lumpy, and
2017.11.24 The chemical composition of raw material used plays a vital role in achieving the required product quality, in particular, in ferrochrome alloy production. Different types of ore are used in the South Africa ferrochrome industry, including lumpy and small lumpy chrome ores. Reduction of lumpy ore has its own features during manufacture
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Smelting of High-Carbon Ferrochrome from Prereduced Chromite
2023.5.2 Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical ...
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Processing of Complex Materials in the Copper Industry:
2020.7.6 Copper Content in Ores and Concentrates. A global copper mine-by-mine review undertaken by ICSG found that the global average copper ore grade was as low as 0.45% copper in reported reserves and only 0.65% copper in 2015 copper mine production. Global weighted average of copper concentrate output in a large sample of plants was
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Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals From Spent
2021.6.7 Considering the decrease in chrome ores and the increase in processing cost, researchers have gradually explored the recovery of spent refractories [31, 32]. The typical recycling scheme involves sorting, crushing, screening, separating and reusing raw materials . Han et al. used flotation techniques to recover copper from refractories .
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Towards holistic technology solution to chromite ore processing
2021.1.4 Safe management and disposal of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is an unsolved global problem. In spite of several global research efforts, the problem of safe management of COPR and redemption of dump sites has remained unsolved. There is a high risk for all living beings in and around the COPR dump sites
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